Historiography and definitions of the Spanish Black Legend There is disagreement among scholars over whether a biased portrayal of Spanish history continues into the present day. Like other black legends, the Spanish black legend combined fabrications, de-contextualization, exaggeration, cherry picking, and double standards with facts. Īlthough the existence of a 16th- and 17th-century Spanish black legend is agreed upon by the majority of scholars, aspects of the legend are still debated. This 17th-century propaganda found its basis in real events which occurred during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, which involved atrocities, but it often employed lurid and exaggerated depictions of violence, and it ignored similar behavior by other powers. Along with a distorted view of the history of Spain and the history of Latin America, other parts of the world in the Portuguese Empire were also affected as a result of the Iberian Union and the Luso-Dutch Wars. The Protestant Revolutionary propaganda which was published during the Hispano-Dutch War and the Anglo-Spanish War against the Catholic monarchs of the 16th century, is said to have fostered an anti-Hispanic bias among subsequent historians. Its proponents argue that its roots date back to the 16th century, when it originally was a political and psychological weapon that was used by Spain's European rivals in order to demonize the Spanish Empire, its people, and its culture, minimize Spanish discoveries and achievements, and counter its influence and power in world affairs. Are the events "receiving a cash advance" and "owing $ 1, 000 \$ 1,000 $1, 000 or more" independent? Explain using probabilities.The Black Legend ( Spanish: Leyenda negra) or the Spanish Black Legend (Spanish: Leyenda negra española) is a theorised historiographical tendency which consists of anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic propaganda. Are the events "receiving a cash advance" and "owing $ 1, 000 \$ 1,000 $1, 000 or more" mutually exclusive? Explain using probabilities. Given that a customer owed $ 1, 000 \$ 1,000 $1, 000 or more, what is the probability that the customer received a cash advance?į. Given that a customer received a cash advance, what is the probability that the customer owed $ 1, 000 \$ 1,000 $1, 000 or more?Į. What is the probability that a customer owed less than $ 200 \$ 200 $200 or received a cash advance?ĭ. What is the probability that a customer owed less than $ 200 \$ 200 $200 and received a cash advance?Ĭ. What is the probability that a customer received a cash advance?ī. The Easy Credit Company reports the following table representing a breakdown of customers according to the amount they owe and whether a cash advance has been made.
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